Methodological guide to deploy Functional Analysis into CODAC Systems for the Tritium Processing in ITER

The present document is focused on the a nalysis of the ITER - TBM‘s Proto - CODAC system. ITER is considered to be the first nuclear fusion reactor to be energetically feasible for a sustained period of time with a rated fusion power of 500 MW. ITER Project involves 35 countries with a total est imated budget of some 15.000 M€; being the first of its kind from the point of view of international collaboration, engineering and supply sources; where every country participate with the best of its possibilities. The hearth of the fusion reactor is a giant Tokamak (6.2 m plasma major radius) with a se ries of ancillary buildings and facilities that might complete the whole p roject. The operation of ITER is scheduled to operate along the next 50 years , after completion of the facilities construction and commissioning of the plant, considering first to b e operated in D - D and further in a D - T modes. In this sense, the activity that supports the development of the present work was stated to be necessary to consider a tritium balance for the self - sufficient reaction and operation of the whole. Tritium is a v ery scarce element being its global sto cks to the present date of 2016 of some 20 kg, being produced mainly collected from the operation of Candu reactors in Canada [Raeder, 1986] . Also the operation of the ITER reactor might produce Tritium at a rate that might b e able to support the fusion reaction indefinitely on a time basis. Because of the tritium balance it is difficult to state due to its highly permeation throughout confinement of first walls and joint materials . Not to mention its high ly dangerous potential to human health, according to radiologic al properties . This is why it is necessary to establish predictive tools that might indicate the concentration and inventory across the facility, including emissions to the environment. In this sense, ITER Instrumentation and Control systems for Control and Data Acquisition (DACS) mainly constitute the layers between the users (Control Room) and the field Instrumentation (sensors and actuators). This is nam ed as ITER CODAC, which is the primary global system analyzed in the present document. The control philosophy it is stated to be predictive and from the author‘s point of view must include the comparison between field measurement and advanced modeling, including machine learning utility system that might be deployed in computational base

Estudio sobre los contratos estatales 01 y 093 financiados con recursos de la Ley 981 de 2005 y la ley 1718 de 2014 concernientes a la recuperación hidráulica y limpieza de caños en la CGSM teniendo de presente los antecedentes legislativos e históricos para proponer una herramienta metodológica de gestión

La ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta es un humedal primordial para el país debido a que este contiene perspectivas sociales, políticos, económicos, ambientales que son indispensables para mantener la biodiversidad de este tipo de ecosistemas. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo plantear una herramienta metodológica de gestión para su adaptación en los contratos estatales 01 de 2006 y 093 de 2014 concernientes a la recuperación hidráulica y limpieza de caños en el complejo lagunar teniendo de presente los hitos legislativos e históricos de esta ecorregión y la sobretasa ambiental al peaje

QUIJOTE scientific results -- XIII. Intensity and polarization study of supernova remnants in the QUIJOTE-MFI wide survey: CTB 80, Cygnus Loop, HB 21, CTA 1, Tycho and HB 9

We use the new QUIJOTE-MFI wide survey (11, 13, 17 and 19 GHz) to produce spectral energy distributions (SEDs), on an angular scale of 1 deg, of the supernova remnants (SNRs) CTB 80, Cygnus Loop, HB 21, CTA 1, Tycho and HB 9. We provide new measurements of the polarized synchrotron radiation in the microwave range. For each SNR, the intensity and polarization SEDs are obtained and modelled by combining QUIJOTE-MFI maps with ancillary data. In intensity, we confirm the curved power law spectra of CTB 80 and HB 21 with a break frequency $\nu_{\rm b}$ at 2.0$^{+1.2}_{-0.5}$ GHz and 5.0$^{+1.2}_{-1.0}$ GHz respectively; and spectral indices respectively below and above the spectral break of $-0.34\pm0.04$ and $-0.86\pm0.5$ for CTB 80, and $-0.24\pm0.07$ and $-0.60\pm0.05$ for HB 21. In addition, we provide upper limits on the Anomalous Microwave Emission (AME), suggesting that the AME contribution is negligible towards these remnants. From a simultaneous intensity and polarization fit, we recover synchrotron spectral indices as flat as $-0.24$, and the whole sample has a mean and scatter of $-0.44\pm0.12$. The polarization fractions have a mean and scatter of $6.1\pm1.9$\%. When combining our results with the measurements from other QUIJOTE studies of SNRs, we find that radio spectral indices are flatter for mature SNRs, and particularly flatter for CTB 80 ($-0.24^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$) and HB 21 ($-0.34^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$). In addition, the evolution of the spectral indices against the SNRs age is modelled with a power-law function, providing an exponent $-0.07\pm0.03$ and amplitude $-0.49\pm0.02$ (normalised at 10 kyr), which are conservative with respect to previous studies of our Galaxy and the Large Magellanic Cloud.Comment: 33 pages, 15 figure, 15 tables. Submitted to MNRAS. QUIJOTE data maps available at https://research.iac.es/proyecto/quijot

Planeación, gobernanza y sustentabilidad Retos y desafíos desde el enfoque territorial

Frente a la compleja realidad actual, resulta ineludible el desarrollo de la investigación científica de los fenómenos y procesos urbanos, territoriales y ambientales, que contribuya a su comprensión y la construcción de alternativas de solución a los retos y desafíos vigentes. En este contexto, el abordaje de las ciudades y regiones metropolitanas, el ordenamiento del territorio y la ocupación del espacio, así como la relación sociedad-naturaleza y la complejidad ambiental, precisa la generación de metodologías y procesos de investigación multi e inter disciplinarios que contribuyan a la comprensión de los procesos socioterritoriales, el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y la conservación ambiental.Programa de Fortalecimiento de la Calidad Educativa PFCE-2016 proyecto K0313101

Methodological guide to deploy Functional Analysis into CODAC Systems for the Tritium Processing in ITER

The present document is focused on the a nalysis of the ITER - TBM‘s Proto - CODAC system. ITER is considered to be the first nuclear fusion reactor to be energetically feasible for a sustained period of time with a rated fusion power of 500 MW. ITER Project involves 35 countries with a total est imated budget of some 15.000 M€; being the first of its kind from the point of view of international collaboration, engineering and supply sources; where every country participate with the best of its possibilities. The hearth of the fusion reactor is a giant Tokamak (6.2 m plasma major radius) with a se ries of ancillary buildings and facilities that might complete the whole p roject. The operation of ITER is scheduled to operate along the next 50 years , after completion of the facilities construction and commissioning of the plant, considering first to b e operated in D - D and further in a D - T modes. In this sense, the activity that supports the development of the present work was stated to be necessary to consider a tritium balance for the self - sufficient reaction and operation of the whole. Tritium is a v ery scarce element being its global sto cks to the present date of 2016 of some 20 kg, being produced mainly collected from the operation of Candu reactors in Canada [Raeder, 1986] . Also the operation of the ITER reactor might produce Tritium at a rate that might b e able to support the fusion reaction indefinitely on a time basis. Because of the tritium balance it is difficult to state due to its highly permeation throughout confinement of first walls and joint materials . Not to mention its high ly dangerous potential to human health, according to radiologic al properties . This is why it is necessary to establish predictive tools that might indicate the concentration and inventory across the facility, including emissions to the environment. In this sense, ITER Instrumentation and Control systems for Control and Data Acquisition (DACS) mainly constitute the layers between the users (Control Room) and the field Instrumentation (sensors and actuators). This is nam ed as ITER CODAC, which is the primary global system analyzed in the present document. The control philosophy it is stated to be predictive and from the author‘s point of view must include the comparison between field measurement and advanced modeling, including machine learning utility system that might be deployed in computational base

Methodological guide to deploy Functional Analysis into CODAC Systems for the Tritium Processing in ITER

The present document is focused on the a nalysis of the ITER - TBM‘s Proto - CODAC system. ITER is considered to be the first nuclear fusion reactor to be energetically feasible for a sustained period of time with a rated fusion power of 500 MW. ITER Project involves 35 countries with a total est imated budget of some 15.000 M€; being the first of its kind from the point of view of international collaboration, engineering and supply sources; where every country participate with the best of its possibilities. The hearth of the fusion reactor is a giant Tokamak (6.2 m plasma major radius) with a se ries of ancillary buildings and facilities that might complete the whole p roject. The operation of ITER is scheduled to operate along the next 50 years , after completion of the facilities construction and commissioning of the plant, considering first to b e operated in D - D and further in a D - T modes. In this sense, the activity that supports the development of the present work was stated to be necessary to consider a tritium balance for the self - sufficient reaction and operation of the whole. Tritium is a v ery scarce element being its global sto cks to the present date of 2016 of some 20 kg, being produced mainly collected from the operation of Candu reactors in Canada [Raeder, 1986] . Also the operation of the ITER reactor might produce Tritium at a rate that might b e able to support the fusion reaction indefinitely on a time basis. Because of the tritium balance it is difficult to state due to its highly permeation throughout confinement of first walls and joint materials . Not to mention its high ly dangerous potential to human health, according to radiologic al properties . This is why it is necessary to establish predictive tools that might indicate the concentration and inventory across the facility, including emissions to the environment. In this sense, ITER Instrumentation and Control systems for Control and Data Acquisition (DACS) mainly constitute the layers between the users (Control Room) and the field Instrumentation (sensors and actuators). This is nam ed as ITER CODAC, which is the primary global system analyzed in the present document. The control philosophy it is stated to be predictive and from the author‘s point of view must include the comparison between field measurement and advanced modeling, including machine learning utility system that might be deployed in computational base

Efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate in ten countries in Europe and Latin America (HERALD): a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial

Background: Additional safe and efficacious vaccines are needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate. Methods: HERALD is a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 clinical trial conducted in 47 centres in ten countries in Europe and Latin America. By use of an interactive web response system and stratification by country and age group (18–60 years and ≥61 years), adults with no history of virologically confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intramuscularly either two 0·6 mL doses of CVnCoV containing 12 μg of mRNA or two 0·6 mL doses of 0·9% NaCl (placebo) on days 1 and 29. The primary efficacy endpoint was the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 of any severity and caused by any strain from 15 days after the second dose. For the primary endpoint, the trial was considered successful if the lower limit of the CI was greater than 30%. Key secondary endpoints were the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and COVID-19 of any severity by age group. Primary safety outcomes were solicited local and systemic adverse events within 7 days after each dose and unsolicited adverse events within 28 days after each dose in phase 2b participants, and serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest up to 1 year after the second dose in phase 2b and phase 3 participants. Here, we report data up to June 18, 2021. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04652102, and EudraCT, 2020–003998–22, and is ongoing. Findings: Between Dec 11, 2020, and April 12, 2021, 39 680 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either CVnCoV (n=19 846) or placebo (n=19 834), of whom 19 783 received at least one dose of CVnCoV and 19 746 received at least one dose of placebo. After a mean observation period of 48·2 days (SE 0·2), 83 cases of COVID-19 occurred in the CVnCoV group (n=12 851) in 1735·29 person-years and 145 cases occurred in the placebo group (n=12 211) in 1569·87 person-years, resulting in an overall vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 of 48·2% (95·826% CI 31·0–61·4; p=0·016). Vaccine efficacy against moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was 70·7% (95% CI 42·5–86·1; CVnCoV 12 cases in 1735·29 person-years, placebo 37 cases in 1569·87 person-years). In participants aged 18–60 years, vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease was 52·5% (95% CI 36·2–64·8; CVnCoV 71 cases in 1591·47 person-years, placebo, 136 cases in 1449·23 person-years). Too few cases occurred in participants aged 61 years or older (CVnCoV 12, placebo nine) to allow meaningful assessment of vaccine efficacy. Solicited adverse events, which were mostly systemic, were more common in CVnCoV recipients (1933 [96·5%] of 2003) than in placebo recipients (1344 [67·9%] of 1978), with 542 (27·1%) CVnCoV recipients and 61 (3·1%) placebo recipients reporting grade 3 solicited adverse events. The most frequently reported local reaction after any dose in the CVnCoV group was injection-site pain (1678 [83·6%] of 2007), with 22 grade 3 reactions, and the most frequently reported systematic reactions were fatigue (1603 [80·0%] of 2003) and headache (1541 [76·9%] of 2003). 82 (0·4%) of 19 783 CVnCoV recipients reported 100 serious adverse events and 66 (0·3%) of 19 746 placebo recipients reported 76 serious adverse events. Eight serious adverse events in five CVnCoV recipients and two serious adverse events in two placebo recipients were considered vaccination-related. None of the fatal serious adverse events reported (eight in the CVnCoV group and six in the placebo group) were considered to be related to study vaccination. Adverse events of special interest were reported for 38 (0·2%) participants in the CVnCoV group and 31 (0·2%) participants in the placebo group. These events were considered to be related to the trial vaccine for 14 (<0·1%) participants in the CVnCoV group and for five (<0·1%) participants in the placebo group. Interpretation: CVnCoV was efficacious in the prevention of COVID-19 of any severity and had an acceptable safety profile. Taking into account the changing environment, including the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and timelines for further development, the decision has been made to cease activities on the CVnCoV candidate and to focus efforts on the development of next-generation vaccine candidates. Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and CureVac

Switching TNF antagonists in patients with chronic arthritis: An observational study of 488 patients over a four-year period

The objective of this work is to analyze the survival of infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab in patients who have switched among tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists for the treatment of chronic arthritis. BIOBADASER is a national registry of patients with different forms of chronic arthritis who are treated with biologics. Using this registry, we have analyzed patient switching of TNF antagonists. The cumulative discontinuation rate was calculated using the actuarial method. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves, and Cox regression models were used to assess independent factors associated with discontinuing medication. Between February 2000 and September 2004, 4,706 patients were registered in BIOBADASER, of whom 68% had rheumatoid arthritis, 11% ankylosing spondylitis, 10% psoriatic arthritis, and 11% other forms of chronic arthritis. One- and two-year drug survival rates of the TNF antagonist were 0.83 and 0.75, respectively. There were 488 patients treated with more than one TNF antagonist. In this situation, survival of the second TNF antagonist decreased to 0.68 and 0.60 at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Survival was better in patients replacing the first TNF antagonist because of adverse events (hazard ratio (HR) for discontinuation 0.55 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34-0.84)), and worse in patients older than 60 years (HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.97-2.49)) or who were treated with infliximab (HR 3.22 (95% CI 2.13-4.87)). In summary, in patients who require continuous therapy and have failed to respond to a TNF antagonist, replacement with a different TNF antagonist may be of use under certain situations. This issue will deserve continuous reassessment with the arrival of new medications. © 2006 Gomez-Reino and Loreto Carmona; licensee BioMed Central Ltd